Spectrum Allocation

The spectrum of the telecommunications industry spans through a range of electromagnetic radiation frequencies.  This then is used in wireless communications systems.  Conflict now is how do we upgrade or improve the system that is already established?  How do we make this present system more efficient to the ordinary user?  As a result, this is because of large mobile communications using far less powerful transmitters when compared to broadcasters on the radio.  Wireless communications used to be the mainline of telecommunications networking, which carried an excess amount of calls amongst cities as oppose to individual to individual.  When the developments of microwave towers were first introduced, this then allowed thousands and thousands of calls to go on at once.  A downside to this was that they were using directional antennas which restricted their networking to extend to certain spans.  What then happened was that it leads to the introductions of fiber optic integrated systems, and then satellite technology and then cell phones.  With all these technological advancements along with the evolution of time, they all faced similar restrictions with their channel space.  In present day, technicians are still trying to figure out and develop a new innovation that can handle these limited channel spaces.

LIST THE MAJOR TYPES OF CONTENT ON THE WEB:

The World Wide Web is characterized with various domains depending on specificity.  The internet has different forms of content that are also known as ‘genres’ according to the book.  Some major types of content seen on the internet are: Electronic Publishing, Entertainment, Online Games, Portals, Search Engines, Communities, “Blogs”, and Electronic Commerce.  These different types of content also known as genres perform and present according to their specific genre.  For example, Electronic Commerce is a specific content that performs financial activities for individuals electronically via-internet, as oppose to going to the bank physically.  It is simpler, quicker and quite possibly more efficient then going out of your way to the bank, waiting in line and dealing with bank headaches, but as to everything there are disadvantages.  Internet or server may go down, and information or activities might not be received or accounted for.  Electronic Commerce is just one genre, and with this you can get a better understanding of what all the other genres niches’ are.

WHAT MAKES A GOOD WEB PAGE DESIGN?

There are millions of users around the world that have access to the internet.  With this said, the millions individuals around the world accessing the internet each have a different taste, opinion, style and character.  So it is stressed that web page design be eye catching yet positively acknowledged by the average person.  It is said that graphic designers adapt to eye catching colors and layouts from magazines.  Some other techniques include framing which is to wrap the surrounding of the web page layout with a border or company logo; something to draw the focus of the individual.  Finally according to Webby Awards, what make a good web page are lots and lots of dark space, preferably black or gray, also white blank space.  Flashing animations are also intriguing to the viewer.  These are the characteristics of a good web page design.

WHO ARE THE LEADING MAKERS OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE?

Microsoft dominates personal computer operating system software, which is famously known for as Windows.  Microsoft also dominates many other applications such as word processing (Microsoft Word) and web browsing (Internet Explorer).  Microsoft is the leading maker of computer software once reigning about 90% of the market, Apple being the other 10%.  The only weakness Microsoft has been having trouble with is dealing with and creating software that can fully protect from viruses and hackers.  Apple has done a lot better than Microsoft in this category and with the sluggish economy and rising costs, hackers have tried to gain control over territory by creating viruses that can spread to millions of users.  At first Microsoft was on top and in control, but with how Microsoft has dealt with their weakness and Apple strengthening each day, it would be easy to say that Apple will take over.

WHO RUNS THE INTERNET?

According to the book, the high capacity backbone that interconnects major internet nodes are operated by long-distance carries and local connections to those nodes are handled then by Internet Service Providers (ISP’s) and local telephone companies.  The ISP’s provide basic internet connections and sometimes also provide content as seen in America Online but most content providers are independent companies.  A variety of non-profit companies and organizations help run the internet including the Internet Society, the Internet Engineering Taskforce and the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A CONTENT PROVIDER AND AN INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER?

Internet Service Providers (ISP’s) connect users to the internet and provide e-mail accounts.  Telecommunication giant AT&T, COMCAST, and AOL, (subsidiary of Time Warner) are the industry leaders and account for nearly half of all U.S. Internet subscriptions among them.  Some Internet Service Providers such as America Online and Microsoft Network (MSN) create original content and so combine the roles of ISP’s and content providers.  Some other ones are EarthLink which are purely ISP’s in that they provide access but very little in the way of content aside from portal pages.

            Content Providers are often made by in home design departments.  One of the most infamous would be Disney, and now Amazon.  What they have are in house staffs that continuously and regularly update already running and set up websites.  This updates the site daily so that viewers and users can be up-dated and no be viewing old material from years ago.

New Regulations - Is It Justified to Break Up Large Radio Groups?

I believe that new regulations can interfere and break up large radio groups in order to instill different methods or ways in functioning of their radio stations, talk shows, music and conversational topics and discussions.  The FCC is an independent United States government agency which was established by the Communications Act of 1934.  Their objective is to regulate and overview interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite and cable.

            Large radio groups tend to lose focus and interests in people who follow closely because they don’t feel as if they are appreciated or valued to them.  This is because large radio groups tend to focus on a bigger broader picture as oppose to small radio groups who are locally founded.  For example a large radio group will not focus on the local shooting that just took place this weekend involving a young student athlete at Pace University, as where small radio groups who are local will.  They will know the news, they will know needed information about that incident, they will know the overall feeling of the community and be able to provide not only details of the incident but give feedback and help speak to listeners or callers who are affected by this.  This difference is important because large radio groups are interested in themselves as oppose to its listeners.

            For small radio groups who are intended for local listeners, they encourage them to build relationships with their listeners, understand what the local people want, are feeling and what they are going through.  Small radio groups feel as if large radio groups do not appreciate their listeners and feel as if they are not at value to them.

            A large controversial issue arose when Howard Stern’s contract was up with regular radio.  The FCC then intervened in not letting him renew his contract with radio or renewing his broadcasting license.  Howard Stern and the FCC had different opinions and views on how he should be able to run his own show; therefore he moved to satellite radio by signing a massive $250 million dollar contract over the next 5 years which is due to expire at the end of this year.  This was due to his vulgar use of words, sexual interests and tops and its open air topics and discussions about anything and everything.  This was not allowed by the FCC because of over use of profanity, sexual explicitly and the awareness that even children is listening to the radio and they did not want them to be associated with such explicit manners.  This goes to show that the FFC doesn’t really accept what the people want or would like to listen to and only look out for the better interest of broader radio.  When Howard Stern moved his show to satellite radio, he gained more recognition and popularity than ever before not to mentions his deepening wealthy pockets as of now.

            But then again regulations need to be enforced because what you see and what you hear may not be accessible to everyone especially when it regards to age and the younger population.