Spectrum Allocation

The spectrum of the telecommunications industry spans through a range of electromagnetic radiation frequencies.  This then is used in wireless communications systems.  Conflict now is how do we upgrade or improve the system that is already established?  How do we make this present system more efficient to the ordinary user?  As a result, this is because of large mobile communications using far less powerful transmitters when compared to broadcasters on the radio.  Wireless communications used to be the mainline of telecommunications networking, which carried an excess amount of calls amongst cities as oppose to individual to individual.  When the developments of microwave towers were first introduced, this then allowed thousands and thousands of calls to go on at once.  A downside to this was that they were using directional antennas which restricted their networking to extend to certain spans.  What then happened was that it leads to the introductions of fiber optic integrated systems, and then satellite technology and then cell phones.  With all these technological advancements along with the evolution of time, they all faced similar restrictions with their channel space.  In present day, technicians are still trying to figure out and develop a new innovation that can handle these limited channel spaces.

LIST THE MAJOR TYPES OF CONTENT ON THE WEB:

The World Wide Web is characterized with various domains depending on specificity.  The internet has different forms of content that are also known as ‘genres’ according to the book.  Some major types of content seen on the internet are: Electronic Publishing, Entertainment, Online Games, Portals, Search Engines, Communities, “Blogs”, and Electronic Commerce.  These different types of content also known as genres perform and present according to their specific genre.  For example, Electronic Commerce is a specific content that performs financial activities for individuals electronically via-internet, as oppose to going to the bank physically.  It is simpler, quicker and quite possibly more efficient then going out of your way to the bank, waiting in line and dealing with bank headaches, but as to everything there are disadvantages.  Internet or server may go down, and information or activities might not be received or accounted for.  Electronic Commerce is just one genre, and with this you can get a better understanding of what all the other genres niches’ are.

WHAT MAKES A GOOD WEB PAGE DESIGN?

There are millions of users around the world that have access to the internet.  With this said, the millions individuals around the world accessing the internet each have a different taste, opinion, style and character.  So it is stressed that web page design be eye catching yet positively acknowledged by the average person.  It is said that graphic designers adapt to eye catching colors and layouts from magazines.  Some other techniques include framing which is to wrap the surrounding of the web page layout with a border or company logo; something to draw the focus of the individual.  Finally according to Webby Awards, what make a good web page are lots and lots of dark space, preferably black or gray, also white blank space.  Flashing animations are also intriguing to the viewer.  These are the characteristics of a good web page design.

WHO ARE THE LEADING MAKERS OF COMPUTER SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE?

Microsoft dominates personal computer operating system software, which is famously known for as Windows.  Microsoft also dominates many other applications such as word processing (Microsoft Word) and web browsing (Internet Explorer).  Microsoft is the leading maker of computer software once reigning about 90% of the market, Apple being the other 10%.  The only weakness Microsoft has been having trouble with is dealing with and creating software that can fully protect from viruses and hackers.  Apple has done a lot better than Microsoft in this category and with the sluggish economy and rising costs, hackers have tried to gain control over territory by creating viruses that can spread to millions of users.  At first Microsoft was on top and in control, but with how Microsoft has dealt with their weakness and Apple strengthening each day, it would be easy to say that Apple will take over.

WHO RUNS THE INTERNET?

According to the book, the high capacity backbone that interconnects major internet nodes are operated by long-distance carries and local connections to those nodes are handled then by Internet Service Providers (ISP’s) and local telephone companies.  The ISP’s provide basic internet connections and sometimes also provide content as seen in America Online but most content providers are independent companies.  A variety of non-profit companies and organizations help run the internet including the Internet Society, the Internet Engineering Taskforce and the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers.

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A CONTENT PROVIDER AND AN INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER?

Internet Service Providers (ISP’s) connect users to the internet and provide e-mail accounts.  Telecommunication giant AT&T, COMCAST, and AOL, (subsidiary of Time Warner) are the industry leaders and account for nearly half of all U.S. Internet subscriptions among them.  Some Internet Service Providers such as America Online and Microsoft Network (MSN) create original content and so combine the roles of ISP’s and content providers.  Some other ones are EarthLink which are purely ISP’s in that they provide access but very little in the way of content aside from portal pages.

            Content Providers are often made by in home design departments.  One of the most infamous would be Disney, and now Amazon.  What they have are in house staffs that continuously and regularly update already running and set up websites.  This updates the site daily so that viewers and users can be up-dated and no be viewing old material from years ago.

New Regulations - Is It Justified to Break Up Large Radio Groups?

I believe that new regulations can interfere and break up large radio groups in order to instill different methods or ways in functioning of their radio stations, talk shows, music and conversational topics and discussions.  The FCC is an independent United States government agency which was established by the Communications Act of 1934.  Their objective is to regulate and overview interstate and international communications by radio, television, wire, satellite and cable.

            Large radio groups tend to lose focus and interests in people who follow closely because they don’t feel as if they are appreciated or valued to them.  This is because large radio groups tend to focus on a bigger broader picture as oppose to small radio groups who are locally founded.  For example a large radio group will not focus on the local shooting that just took place this weekend involving a young student athlete at Pace University, as where small radio groups who are local will.  They will know the news, they will know needed information about that incident, they will know the overall feeling of the community and be able to provide not only details of the incident but give feedback and help speak to listeners or callers who are affected by this.  This difference is important because large radio groups are interested in themselves as oppose to its listeners.

            For small radio groups who are intended for local listeners, they encourage them to build relationships with their listeners, understand what the local people want, are feeling and what they are going through.  Small radio groups feel as if large radio groups do not appreciate their listeners and feel as if they are not at value to them.

            A large controversial issue arose when Howard Stern’s contract was up with regular radio.  The FCC then intervened in not letting him renew his contract with radio or renewing his broadcasting license.  Howard Stern and the FCC had different opinions and views on how he should be able to run his own show; therefore he moved to satellite radio by signing a massive $250 million dollar contract over the next 5 years which is due to expire at the end of this year.  This was due to his vulgar use of words, sexual interests and tops and its open air topics and discussions about anything and everything.  This was not allowed by the FCC because of over use of profanity, sexual explicitly and the awareness that even children is listening to the radio and they did not want them to be associated with such explicit manners.  This goes to show that the FFC doesn’t really accept what the people want or would like to listen to and only look out for the better interest of broader radio.  When Howard Stern moved his show to satellite radio, he gained more recognition and popularity than ever before not to mentions his deepening wealthy pockets as of now.

            But then again regulations need to be enforced because what you see and what you hear may not be accessible to everyone especially when it regards to age and the younger population.

History of Radio - Commerical Form - Political Form & Artistic Form

            The history of radio has been with us for as long as we can remember.  Before television was first introduced and people had the capability to own one, many household across America had a radio and were listening to the radio religiously.  Families, friends and individuals would gather and hover around the radio as if it was God speaking to them.  They were so intrigued by this form of technology that it was astonishing to many.

            In today’s world, all audio medias are transforming as normally should occur and it seems as if they all are becoming much more commercialized.  In the past there were different radio stations for different purposes.  They would have a radio station for all components which consisted of the news, weather, sports, entertainment etc; whereas in today’s society, all of these components are intertwined with one another on the same radio station.

            With the introduction of satellite radio where music and such things of that nature are broadcasted commercial free without any interruption.  With this said this has become a threat to individual’s listeners whose still tune into AM, FM radio stations.  People whom work for the specific radio stations need to do tons and tons of re-search in order to know and understand what their listeners, viewers and followers want to hear.  They must do this in order to satisfy their listeners and give them what they want which would be great as the end result for both parties.

            Many different types of forms have been introduced and used as a communication tool and or device to get their thoughts opinions and messages out.  For example, in this up and down economy, politicians are turning to the radio and hoping that their followers and listeners will tune in and listen to what they have to say.  Politicians are individuals whom would like to get their thoughts across in order for them to persuade individual in believing in them, therefore what better place to do this than on the radio.  Any spare time or free time an individual may have, there is a good possibility they are listening to the radio if they are not at home sitting on the couch, crunching on some potato chips while flipping through the channels.

            Artistic forms can be drawn both ways as in some cases; individual A may think a component or idea may be artistic in such and such way and where as individual B would disagree.  This is exactly what we want and need, diversity, difference in opinions, beliefs, and views, and as a result one may think it is artistic and the other may not.  This then creates not only diversity but debate and criticism which are always good in understanding certain groups and or individuals needs and understandings.

The Web Is Dead - Long Live The Internet

            The author states that the wed is dead when in all reality this statement has some truth to it which can be argues both ways.  For the present generations and generations to come, the wed or the internet has become a thing of the past; or at least the web or internet when being accessed by a laptop and or desktop.  This is because of the evolution of technology and the technological advancements that we have endured and still experience on an everyday basis.  Dating back to the days where there was a dial tone in order to get onto America Online, or AIM, or even the break of Napster, where individuals where able to download and share music amongst each other.  This was seen as an endless amount of freedom and capability for an individual to have access to all these supplements.  We  as a civilization thought we had reaches an unlimited amount of freedom with but the passing of time and technological advancements this has come to show us that sky’s the limit.

            Having all these technological gadgets that have intrigued and mesmerized society today especially with the younger generations has truly shown us that the web or internet where we once accessed it from a desk at school or at home has become a thing of the past.  People are now using their smart phones such as the popular Blackberry’s and iPhones.  Blackberry’s are capable of searching the internet, accessing Facebook, Twitter and all these other social media networks as well as having their own BBM, which is an instant messaging consisting of other Blackberry users.  As for Apple, they defiantly rule the market.  With their ipods, iphones and now the ipad, they have defiantly taken these gadgets to another level.  The iphone can do everything the BlackBerry can and even more.  Offering the latest apps for the phone, the iphone is an imac in your hands.  With their new face time, they can video chat with anyone whom has an iphone.  What I am trying to say is that I do not need to wait to get home or have access to the school computers to roam the internet or message someone using the networking sites, but I can reach into my pocket, pull out my phone and update my twitter status just like that.

            Google, Apple, and Facebook are the three top dog company’s that the author talks about.  Apple has been around for a long time stemming back to the Macintosh computers and Macs, but they have taken their intentions to better off or better serve society with their unbelievable gadgets and services such as iTunes.  Google has had dominance for a long time now where they control trafficking on the internet as well as services and sales.  As for Facebook, this started off as a relatively small networking service only available to a specific college where students and communicate amongst each other.  Facebook then exploded by reaching more than 100 million users in about a year.  With their small steps they have truly changed how society interacts with one another and how they interact amongst Social Medias.  These three companies are great at what they do and offer their best intentions to their users which make them very popular and powerful.

TXT MSG - SMCR & MASS TXT MSG = MASS COMMUNICATION?

PG 27 – Question #4   

The way that text messaging is broken down using the SMCR formula is:

S – source encoding a

M – messege & transmits it through a

C – channel to the person who is intended to

R – sendee is the receiver,

S – your cell phone number

M – words, sound clip, picture, video

C – the route or transmitter to the sendee

R – sendee is the receiver and is now capable of viewing the words, sound bite, picture, video that had been sent.

PG 27 – Question #5

            Even though the textbook definition of mass communication states that it consists of newspapers, magazines, radio, television and film because it gets into the hands of many or is able to be viewed by many.

            I believe that sending a mass messege (the option on your cell phone) to my entire phonebook is mass communication.  Instead of single handedly, individually sending a single text messege to a single number, I would send that same single text messege to my entire phonebook, diminishing time by almost 300 percent.  That messege is now automatically sent and delivered to my entire phonebook.  For example, on New Years Eve, I would send a mass text messege to my entire phonebook wishing them a Happy New Year.  My entire phonebook will now receive and be able to view my text message.

            Therefore, my mass text messege got into the hands of many (entire phonebook) and was able to be viewed by many (once again, entire phonebook).  In conclusion, by sending a mass text message, that would be considered a form of mass communication.

New Media Affecting Careers

New media is defiantly playing a major factor in the work environment.  Beside that an individual or co-worker must fulfill their duties as an employee and be capable and qualified for that position, they must also be able to adapt to the ever changing media.  Media is changing everyday everywhere, whether it is an improvement or some whether it is something new, technology is evolving media to an unpredictable extent.  Individuals whom are now entering the workforce, are preparing to enter the workforce or have already been in the workforce for decades now, have to, are now or have already began their adaptation or transition to catch up with media.  People must be technologically savvy to understand, interpret and be able top deliver and play their own role in the media fulfilled society.

            Filming, broadcasting of news, shows and movies, sports games, computer/video games as well as iO extras which give you access to search for cars, homes etc through your television have all come about from a starting point.  Who makes these things and how are they constructed.  In order for media to evolve with the help of technology, individuals are behind the master mind of all this.  Careers are important because it is the technological savvy individuals whom have come up, constructed and given us the access and capability to have and put in use all these creative, informational gadgets.

Therefore I believe that the media is affecting careers both in a positive and negative perspective.  People need to understand that if they are putting themselves out there they must be prepared, ready and be able t deliver with exceptional performance.  You need to open the door for yourself because no one is going to open it for you, not in today’s world; SORRY.

New Media Changing Society

New media is defiantly changing and evolving at an expediential pace.  The evolution of technology has driven the evolution of technological gadgets that we can not see ourselves without in today’s word.  A few examples would be cell phone (any kind) including the iphone, notepads, mini-readers, GPS etc.

            Communication has come along ways dating back to the Pre-Agricultural Society, symbols, sounds were made and storytelling was taking place as a form of communication.  In the Agricultural Society dating back to modern day Iraq, the final stage of writing was developed.  This method consisted of the final word being translated to a symbol as a form of final stage writing called ‘phonetics’ (3100 B.C.E.).  They had also devolved printing by press power and ink.  Then during the Industrial Society the Gutenberg Bible in 1455 had over 270 individual copies.  By 1960 thousands of individual copies of books could be made at a reasonable cheap price.  Benjamin Harris also had published the first newspaper.  As society grew larger and the industrial revolution began to form and take shape, economic development was rapidly growing and by now this was known as the Information Society.  In 1962 the telephone was introduced, and along came print media, film, computer and video games, recording, cable & satellite television as well as broadcasting.

            With this now and mind and broken down, you can see how civilization has come to the point where it is now.  With more and more complex technological engineering, it has made it much simpler, easier and faster for us (society) to send, receive, broadcast steam etc.  Apple has truly enriched, influenced and touched many individual lives around the world with their unique, savvy, and extraordinary gadgets; such as the ipod, inano, itouch, iphone, ipad, laptops, desktops and monitors.  Pretty soon they will have their own television providing service to compete with Optimum, Fios and DirectTV.

            Many top manufactures whether electronic related (Sony, Samsung) or search engine related (Google) are competing to influence and persuade individuals to consume their product.  Television and film are also dramatically changing with high definition television, to 3D films in the movie theatres and future in home 3D.  As well as VHS to DVD and now Blu-Ray, computers, software, monitors, televisions, computer games, video games (Atari, Magnavox, Coleco, Vectrex, Nitendo GameSystem, Sega Genesis, Super Nitendo, Sony Playstion, 2, 3, Microsoft Xbox, Nitendo Wii).  Cell phones are also evolving such as the iphone, iphone 3GS and now the new iphone 4.

            NEW THINGS ARE COMING OUT EVERY SINGLE DAY, ANYTHING YOU CAN THINK OF AND IF THEY ARE NOT OUT TODAY THEY WILL BE TOMORROW!